AEGLIX vulnerability intelligence
CVE-2025-31161
CRITICAL · CVSS 9.8 · Analyzed
Published: 2025-04-03 · Updated: 2026-06-17 · Source: NVD
Vulnerability overview
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Severity and scoring
- CVSS score
- 9.8 · CRITICAL
- CVSS version
- 3.1
- CVSS vector
- CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Weaknesses
- CWE-305, NVD-CWE-Other
CVSS measures technical severity; it does not establish whether this vulnerability is being exploited in your environment.
Known exploitation and remediation
Listed in CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
- Affected product
- CrushFTP · CrushFTP
- Added to catalog
- 2025-04-07
- Required action
- Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
- CISA remediation due date
- 2025-04-28
CISA deadlines apply to the organizations covered by its directives. Confirm your own remediation requirements.
Verify affected versions and patch availability in the vendor advisory before making changes.
Affected products and versions
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
From (inclusive): 10.0.0
Before (exclusive): 10.8.4
cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
From (inclusive): 11.0.0
Before (exclusive): 11.3.1
These are NVD CPE applicability entries. Some products depend on configuration conditions; consult the official record to confirm applicability.
Advisories and references
- https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo
Vendor Advisory
- https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/
Third Party Advisory
- https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis
Exploit · Third Party Advisory
- https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass
Exploit · Third Party Advisory
- https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation
Press/Media Coverage
- https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation
Exploit · Third Party Advisory
- https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/
Press/Media Coverage
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability
Exploit · Third Party Advisory
- https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability
Mitigation · Third Party Advisory
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161
US Government Resource